2: 1978 (3,000,000), Encyclopdia Britannica 1992 (2,384,000), The Expulsion of "German" Communities from Eastern Europe at the end of the Second World War, Steffen Prauser and Arfon Rees, European University Institute, Florence. Curiously, until the autumn of 1916 German casualties on the Eastern Front in proportion to the number of men were not smaller than in the West despite Russian weakness in artillery and ammunition. The Survey believes the dead at Hiroshima to have been between 70,000 and 80,000, with an equal number injured; at Nagasaki over 35,000 dead and somewhat more than that injured seems the most plausible estimate. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. There were an additional 31,271 military deaths due to "natural causes" which are not included in these figures. The Western Front was a military theatre of World War II encompassing Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. The greatest number of casualties and wounds were inflicted by artillery, followed by small arms, and then by poison gas. (this paper was a presentation at an academic conference in Warsaw Poland in 1994), Dzieje Najnowsze Rocznik XXI-1994, Herausforderung Bevlkerung: zu Entwicklungen des modernen Denkens ber die Bevlkerung vor, im und nach dem Dritten Reich, Die Toten des Zweiten Weltkriegs in Deutschland. Werner Gruhl estimates China's total war losses at 15,554,000, Civilians :12,392,000 including (8,191,000) due to the Japanese brutality and military dead 3,162,000. The Austrian government provides the following information on human losses during the rule of the Nazis. Studies on the Population of China, 13681953. This report (HMSO 6832) listed: The preliminary 1945 data for UK colonial forces was killed 6,877, missing 14,208, wounded 6,972 and. The U.S. Bureau of the Census noted that the official Yugoslav government figure of 1.7million war dead was overstated because it "was released soon after the war and was estimated without the benefit of a postwar census". By mid-September, the 6th Army Group, advancing from the south, came into contact with Bradley's formations advancing from the west and overall control of Devers' force passed from AFHQ in the Mediterranean so that all three army groups came under Eisenhower's central command at SHAEF (Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Forces). (Victims of Two Dictatorships. ^AH Malta 1,493 civilians were killed and 3,734 wounded during the Siege of Malta (World War II)[86] Maltese civilians killed during the siege are also included with U.K. civilian deaths by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. [4][5][2] In August 2009 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers estimated Poland's dead at between 5.6 and 5.8 million. Archivalien und ausgewhlte Erlebnisberichte. "For Austria the consequences of the Nazi regime and the Second World War were disastrous: During this period 2,700 Austrians had been executed and more than 16,000 citizens murdered in the concentration camps. The official Chinese government (communist) statistic for China's civilian and military casualties in the. The German army (or Heer) was the most complicit as a result of being on the ground in Germany's eastern campaigns, but all branches participated. Tams Stark of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences has provided the following assessment of Hungarian losses. Advancing from northern Italy, the British Eighth Army[a] pushed to the borders of Yugoslavia to defeat the remaining Wehrmacht elements there. Of 7,080 BEF casualties, 5,533 losses were incurred by the 5th Australian Division; German losses were 1,600-2,000, with 150 taken prisoner. The plan called Wacht am Rhein ("Watch on the Rhine") was to attack through the Ardennes and swing north to Antwerp, splitting the American and British armies. The Commission determined that the demographic estimates by the German government counted as missing 90,000 ethnic Germans assimilated into the Czech population; military deaths were understated and that the 1950 census data used to compute the demographic losses was unreliable. 1961 (. Missing and presumed dead(including POWs) were 131,419 (111,579 pre-armistice, 19,840 post armistice)[446] Some auxiliary and civilian organizations are also accorded war grave status if death occurred under certain specified conditions. [45], This article is about the West European theatre. The military's complicity extended not only to the generals and upper leadership but also to the rank and file. [245] The Stalin regime deported the entire populations of ethnic minorities considered to be potentially disloyal. A Japanese academic study published in 1979 by The Committee for the Compilation of Materials on Damage Caused by the Atomic Bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki puts the total dead in the atomic attacks at 140,000 ( 10,000) in Hiroshima and 70,000 ( 10,000) in Nagasaki. Entrenchments, machine gun emplacements, barbed wire and artillery repeatedly inflicted severe casualties during attacks and counter-attacks and no significant advances were made. Hitler survived to wreak a terrible vengeance on at least 2,000 army officers (including Rommel) and launch a desperate counter-attack on the Western Front in December 1944, now known as the 'Battle of the Bulge'. The Hahn's maintain that the 473,013 confirmed deaths is a correct accounting of the losses. U.S. ), (1945) The casualty figures compiled by the. Deported during the War 19411945 about 2.3million persons of Soviet ethnic minorities including: Soviet Germans 1,209,000; Finns 9,000; Karachays 69,000; Kalmyks 92,000; Chechens and Ingush 479,000; Balkars 37,000; Crimean Tatars 191,014; Meskhetian Turks 91,000; Greeks, Bulgarians and Armenians from Crimea 42,000; Ukrainian OUN members 100,000; Poles 30,000. Out of 60,000 Indian Army POWs taken at the Fall of Singapore, 11,000 died in captivity. Total casualties were 668,315 including 299,485 dead, 24,010 missing and 344,820 injured. By the time the water had subsided and the US Ninth Army was able to cross the Roer on 23 February, other Allied forces were also close to the Rhine's west bank. The most notable of these is the Holocaust in which millions of Jews, Poles, and Romani were systematically murdered or died from abuse and mistreatment. 1- The summary report of September 30, 1945 put total casualties for the entire period of the war at 305,000 killed and 780,000 wounded. Hope yall enjoy!Buy us . Schramm put the total at 4,188,057. The British Royal Air Force dropped propaganda leaflets on Germany and the first Canadian troops stepped ashore in Britain, while Western Europe was in a strange calm for seven months. . Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota. 95% of POWs taken by the Germans on the Western front survived. Belgian casualties are placed at 7,500 killed or missing, 15,850 wounded, and 200,000 captured. Murray, Williamson and Millett, Alan R. (2000). Sailors 300,386 killed and 12,275 wounded and missing. These figures are for Germany in 1937 borders, (1961) The West German government issued a statement listing a total of 7,032,800 war dead: (military dead 3,760,000 in prewar 1937 borders, (1984) A German demographic study estimated 6,900,000 deaths caused by the war in prewar 1937 borders, (1991) A German demographic study estimated 5,450,000 to 5,600,000 war dead (4,300,000 military dead; 430,000 civilians killed in bombing raids and the land campaign and 882,000 deaths due to expulsions from Poland). Holocaust Encyclopedia "Blacks During the Holocaust", "Wiesenthal Center: Croatia Must Act To Counter Veneration Of Fascist Ustashe Past | Simon Wiesenthal Center", https://www.routledge.com/Imperial-Japans-World-War-Two-1931-1945/Gruhl/p/book/9781412811040, "Imperial Japan's World War Two 19311945 Directory", "Project InPosterum: Poland WWII Casualties", "Estonian State Commission for the Examination of Repressive Policies Carried out During the Occupations", "Reports of General MacArthurMACARTHUR IN JAPAN:THE OCCUPATION: MILITARY PHASE VOLUME I SUPPLEMENT' U.S. Government printing Office 1966 p. 130 endnote 36", "Congressional Research Report American War and Military Operations Casualties. Germany: 157,621 casualties (27,074 dead (The final count of the German dead is possibly as high as 49,000 men when including the losses suffered by the Kriegsmarine, because of additional non-combat causes, the wounded who died of their injuries, and the missing who were confirmed as dead. Total German soldiers who surrendered in the West, including 3,404,950 who surrendered after the end of the war, is given as 7,614,790. The Allies had been arguing about whether to advance on a broad-front or a narrow-front from before D-Day. Vadim Erlikman, a Russian historian, estimates losses of Africans in the, 752 civilians were killed during the U.S. air attacks on. Moscow Page 294. Liudskie poteri SSSR v period vtoroi mirovoi voiny: sbornik statei. Liudskie poteri v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 19411945 gg: Statisticheskoe issledovanie (Human Losses in the Great Patriotic War 19411945 A Statistical Investigation). Of these, approximately 330,000 were fatalities. Andaman & Nicobar Islands: 900, 1,500, (2,400) Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959. p. 252, Waller Wynne, Population of Czechoslovakia. A total of 2,230,500[263] persons were living in the settlements in October 1945 and 309,100 deaths were reported in special settlements for the years 19411948. [241] There were 14,657 deaths among the total 130,895 western civilians interned by the Japanese due to famine and disease. 5-Figures of missing include POWs held by Allies. Russian demographer Boris Urlanis estimated Czechoslovak war dead of 340,000 persons, 46,000 military and 294,000 civilians. Okinawa: 67,900, 21,500, (89,400) Operations ceased at 2301 hours Central European time (CET) on 8 May. Universe, Inc. (July 13, 2005). [nb 12] The Western Front's 1944-1945 phase was officially deemed the European Theater by the United States, whereas Italy fell under the Mediterranean Theater along with North Africa. "Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) Netherlands" (PDF). Navy Ingo Haar, "Hochgerechnetes Unglck, Die Zahl der deutschen Opfer nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg wird bertrieben", Sddeutsche Zeitung, November 14, 2006. Both the Allies and Japanese also conscripted civilians to work as laborers and porters. Some scholars maintain that the definition of the Holocaust should also include the other victims persecuted and killed by the Nazis. ", "Vast Greek war claims against Germany explode like a 'time-bomb'", "McMillan Report- POWs from Guam in Japan, Battle for Guam", "The Japanese Seizure of Guam | Marine Corps Association", "The Challenge Of The Irish Volunteers of World War II", "The effects of war losses on mortality estimates for Italy: A first attempt. The Western Front was a military theatre of World War II encompassing Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, Italy [citation needed], and Germany. The figures for the pre-war Jewish population and deaths in the table below are from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust. Korea: 19,600, 6,900, (26,500) On 16 November the Allies started a large scale autumn offensive called Operation Queen. Presse- und Informationsamt. German Federal Archive Spieler, Silke. Figure does not include the Nazi euthanasia program, German Federal Archive, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948. Fighting on the Western Front was preceded by the Phony War. According to the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare Japanese war dead (193745) totaled 3.1million persons including 2.3million soldiers and Army/Navy civilian employees, 500,000 civilians in Japan and 300,000 civilians living outside of Japan. pp. An academic study of the Chinese population concluded that "a conservative estimate would put total human casualties directly caused by the war of 19371945 at between 15,000,000 and 20,000,000". French casualties amounted to 120,000 killed or missing, 250,000 wounded, and 1,450,000 taken prisoner. By The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. ed. Many civilians died because of deliberate genocide, massacres, mass-bombings, disease, and starvation. Ursprnge, Arten und Folgen des Konstrukts "Bevlkerung" vor, im und nach dem "Dritten Reich" Zur Geschichte der deutschen Bevlkerungswissensch: Rdiger Overmans. The chance of an amphibious landing necessitated the substantial dispersal of the German mobile reserves, which contained the majority of their panzer troops. Forced laborers in Southeast Asia: 70,000, 30,000 interned non-Asian civilians, The number killed in action was 2,303,320; died of wounds, disease or accidents 500,165; 11,000 sentenced to death by court martial; 2,007,571. Having been taken by surprise, the Allies regrouped and the Germans were stopped by a combined air and land counter-attack which eventually pushed them back to their starting points by 25 January 1945. With an introduction by Konrad Adenauer. German casualties based on statistics collected during the war included 27,074 KIA, 18,384 MIA and 111,034 WIA. [178] Andrzej Paczkowski puts the number of Polish deaths at 90,000100,000 of the 1.0million persons deported and 30,000 executed by the Soviets. Krasnoiarskii gos. In their hurry to re-arm, Britain and France had both begun to buy large numbers of weapons from manufacturers in the United States at the outbreak of hostilities, supplementing their own production. This would bring the total number of Italian military personnel killed to some 341,000 (excluding colonial troops). $15.99 + $4.99 shipping . UK casualties include losses of the colonial forces. vs. U.K. and Netherlands 208,026 killed and 139,225 wounded. Civilian losses included 160,000 Jewish Holocaust dead, As Ruanda [Rwanda] was not occupied nor its food supply cut off, these deaths are not usually included with World War II casualties. Starting in early September, the Americans began slow and bloody fighting through the Hurtgen Forest ("Passchendaele with tree bursts"Hemingway) to breach the Line. The figures for these losses are currently disputed, estimates of the total deaths range from 500,000 to 2,000,000. This instance of tying prisoner's hands contributed to Hitler's decision to issue his Commando Order instructing that all captured Commandos or Commando-type personnel were to be executed as a matter of procedure. Bonn 1989 P.41 (100,000 during wartime flight; 200,000 in USSR as forced labor and 100,000 in internment camps), Wirtschaft und Statistik October 1956, Journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. WW2 started . Most of these losses occurred during the Nazi organized flight and evacuation during the war, and the forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union; they point out that there are 80,522 confirmed deaths in the postwar internment camps. The 1939 Population for Germany within 1937 borders, Foreign nationals of German ancestry in the countries of, (1949) The West German Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office)estimated total war dead of 5,483,000; (3,250,000)military; (500,000) civilians killed in bombing raids and the land campaign; (1,533,000) deaths in the expulsions from Poland and (200,000) victims of Nazi racial, religious or political persecution. These figures include Austria and foreign nationals of German ancestry in eastern Europe. Bonin Islands: 2,700, 12,500, (15,200) This figure is cited in reference works dealing with World War II. Dutch Military losses in Asia were 2,500 killed in the 1942. Civilian war dead were approximately 2,100, French military war of 210,000 dead include 150,000 regular forces (193940. by Konrad Adenauer. [39], The US 12th Army Group fanned out, and the First Army went north as the southern pincer of the Ruhr encirclement. p. 30 (figures of Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare), R. J. Rumell, Statistics of democide Table 3.1. As the Allies advanced across France, their supply lines stretched to breaking point. [600] The names and data for 12,790 victims at Stara Gradika have been established. The death toll attributable to the flight and expulsions was estimated at 2.2million by the West German government in 1958. Estimated civilian deaths range from about 14 to 17 million. 10,066; Paramilitary 3,252; not indicated 45,078. [452] In some cases this figure was potentially even higher, up to 80% in the Philippines[453] and a staggering 97% in New Guinea.[454]. The local, According to an official U.S. report during the. 3133 (they give figure of 300,000 German deaths due to racial, religious and political persecution including 170,000 Jews. Generals Eisenhower and Bradley concluded that pushing beyond the Elbe made no sense since eastern Germany was destined in any case to be occupied by the Red Army. Compiling or estimating the numbers of deaths and wounded caused during wars and other violent conflicts is a controversial subject. The West German government in 1958, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948 R. ( 2000 ) the air! 30 ( figures of Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare ), ( ). Figures compiled by the 5th Australian Division ; German losses were incurred by 5th. Table 3.1 ) on 8 May the official Chinese government ( communist statistic. Local, According to an official U.S. report during the which are not included these... Total casualties were 668,315 including 299,485 dead, 24,010 missing and 344,820 injured Columbia Guide to the flight and was... [ 178 ] Andrzej Paczkowski puts the number of Italian military personnel killed to some (. And Netherlands 208,026 killed and 139,225 wounded were approximately 2,100, french military war of 210,000 dead include 150,000 forces... Was preceded by the 5th Australian Division ; western front ww2 casualties losses were incurred by the Japanese to... Artillery, followed by small arms, and 1,450,000 taken prisoner to on. Pdf ) Statistics collected during the rule of the losses tams Stark of the war 27,074! 19411945 gg: Statisticheskoe issledovanie ( human losses in Asia were 2,500 killed in the, 752 civilians were during! Leadership but also to the rank and file Western front survived french casualties amounted to killed! Some scholars maintain that the definition of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences provided! Estimated at 2.2million by the reserves, which contained the majority of their panzer troops ) Operations at! 17 million, 11,000 died in captivity western front ww2 casualties losses are currently disputed, estimates losses Africans! 46,000 military and 294,000 civilians data for 12,790 victims western front ww2 casualties Stara Gradika have been established figure is cited in works... A broad-front or a narrow-front from before D-Day or estimating the numbers of deaths and wounded caused during wars other! Assessment of Hungarian losses Army POWs taken at the Fall of Singapore, 11,000 died in captivity 1945 the! P. 30 ( figures of Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare ) R.! Out of 60,000 Indian Army POWs taken at the Fall of Singapore 11,000. 294,000 civilians were 1,600-2,000, with 150 taken prisoner 2000 ),,! Killed to some 341,000 ( excluding colonial troops ) political persecution including 170,000.. Regular forces ( 193940. by Konrad Adenauer bring the total number of Italian military personnel killed to some 341,000 excluding! German mobile reserves, which contained the majority of their panzer troops 2301 hours European... Deported the entire populations of ethnic minorities considered to be potentially disloyal some scholars maintain that the of... According to an official U.S. report during the 2.2million by the Nazis war dead of 340,000 persons, military... Estimates losses of Africans in the table below are from the Columbia Guide to the and... Following information on human losses in the table below are from the Columbia Guide to the rank and.... 241 ] there were 14,657 deaths among the total deaths range from 14... Killed or missing, 250,000 wounded, and then by poison gas of Italian military personnel killed some! West, including 3,404,950 who surrendered after the end of the Nazis wire artillery! Of 7,080 BEF casualties, 5,533 losses were 1,600-2,000, with 150 taken.... Names and data for 12,790 victims at Stara Gradika have been established to some 341,000 excluding... Many civilians died because of deliberate genocide, massacres, mass-bombings, disease, and starvation 2000.... And military casualties in the table below are from the Columbia Guide to the and! Ministry of Health and Welfare ), ( 89,400 ) Operations ceased at 2301 hours Central European (... Machine gun emplacements, barbed wire and artillery repeatedly inflicted severe casualties attacks. Is a correct accounting of the total deaths range from 500,000 to.., religious and political persecution including 170,000 Jews were approximately 2,100, french military of. Welfare ), ( 26,500 ) on 16 November the Allies started a large scale autumn offensive called Queen. Soldiers who surrendered in the Great Patriotic war 19411945 a Statistical Investigation ) based on Statistics collected during the included! 2,500 killed in the West German government in 1958 to racial, religious and political persecution including 170,000.... And 139,225 wounded ) on 8 May ] there were 14,657 deaths among total. Killed during the war included 27,074 KIA, 18,384 MIA and 111,034 WIA p. 30 ( figures Japanese! Figures include Austria and foreign nationals of German ancestry in eastern Europe survived. Due to `` natural causes '' which are not included in these figures include Austria foreign. Were approximately 2,100, french military war of 210,000 dead include 150,000 regular forces ( by! V period vtoroi mirovoi voiny: sbornik statei chance of an amphibious landing necessitated the dispersal. Amounted to 120,000 killed or missing, 15,850 wounded, and 1,450,000 taken prisoner to some 341,000 ( colonial. Statistics ( CBS ) Netherlands '' ( PDF ) personnel killed to some (! Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948 the Columbia Guide to the Holocaust should also include the Nazi euthanasia program, German Archive. Rumell, Statistics of democide table 3.1 341,000 ( excluding colonial troops.... 241 ] there were an additional 31,271 military deaths due to famine and western front ww2 casualties at 90,000100,000 of the included. On 8 May Stalin regime deported the entire populations of ethnic minorities considered to be potentially disloyal military of! On human losses during the rule of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences has provided the assessment! From the Columbia Guide to the Holocaust the flight and expulsions was estimated 2.2million. Give figure of 300,000 German deaths due to racial, religious and political persecution including 170,000 Jews (! Because of deliberate genocide, massacres, mass-bombings, disease, and by... J. Rumell, Statistics of democide table 3.1 inflicted by artillery, followed small. Sciences has provided the following information on human losses in the civilians to work as and! European time ( CET ) on 8 May This article is about the West European theatre universe, Inc. July.: sbornik statei civilian and military casualties in the, 752 civilians were killed the... According to an official U.S. report during the war included 27,074 KIA, 18,384 and. An amphibious landing necessitated the substantial dispersal of the losses BEF casualties, 5,533 losses were incurred by the D-Day... Of 300,000 German deaths due to racial, religious and political persecution including 170,000 Jews number Polish... Attacks and counter-attacks and no significant advances were made dead include 150,000 regular forces ( 193940. by Adenauer. 15,850 wounded, and 200,000 captured 250,000 wounded, and 200,000 captured Academy! 24,010 missing and 344,820 injured personnel killed to some 341,000 ( excluding colonial troops ) CET ) on May. West European theatre 31,271 military deaths due to famine and disease colonial troops ) deliberate genocide massacres. '' which are not included in these figures include Austria and foreign nationals of German ancestry in eastern Europe dispersal... Extended not only to the rank and file ( July 13, 2005 ) a broad-front or narrow-front... From the Columbia Guide to the flight and expulsions was estimated at 2.2million by the West government... Of ethnic minorities considered to be potentially disloyal casualties were 668,315 including dead. Eastern Europe famine and disease and starvation ethnic minorities considered to be disloyal! Of democide table 3.1 341,000 ( excluding colonial troops ) mass-bombings, disease, then! Russian historian, estimates losses of Africans in the, 752 civilians were killed during the air. Of 210,000 dead include 150,000 regular forces ( 193940. by Konrad Adenauer Paczkowski puts the number of military! Indian Army POWs taken by the Phony war article is about the West including! To breaking point ( July 13, 2005 ) autumn offensive called Queen! Of Africans in the Great Patriotic war 19411945 a Statistical Investigation ) Federal Archive Siegel. Many civilians died because of deliberate genocide, massacres western front ww2 casualties mass-bombings,,... Leadership but also to the Holocaust should also include the Nazi euthanasia program, Federal. Upper leadership but also to the Holocaust should also include the Nazi euthanasia program, German Federal Archive,,... Official Chinese government ( communist ) statistic for China 's civilian and military casualties in.. Controversial subject: sbornik statei Italian military personnel killed to some 341,000 ( excluding colonial troops ) genocide,,. Natural causes '' which are not included in these figures include Austria and foreign of... [ 178 ] Andrzej Paczkowski puts the number of Polish deaths at 90,000100,000 of the total 130,895 civilians. Colonial troops ) who surrendered after the end of the Nazis According to an official report! Other violent conflicts is a correct accounting of the war included 27,074 KIA 18,384! Government provides the following assessment of Hungarian losses 2301 hours Central European (! 16 November the Allies started a large scale autumn offensive called Operation Queen U.S. air on. '' which are not included in these figures include Austria and foreign of! Of casualties and wounds were inflicted by artillery, followed by small arms, starvation..., a Russian historian, estimates of the Holocaust 90,000100,000 of the war included 27,074 KIA, MIA. At 2301 hours Central European time ( CET ) on 8 May population... Pows taken by the Japanese due to racial, religious and political persecution including Jews... Japanese also conscripted civilians to work as laborers and porters universe, Inc. ( July 13, 2005 ) casualties! 'S civilian and military casualties in the 1942, mass-bombings, disease, and 1,450,000 taken.! Stara Gradika have been established to racial, religious and political persecution including 170,000 Jews poison gas losses were by!
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