He was also concerned at the lack of safety literature distributed to the population. I have the transcript for the first tape, which I want to post first, but it is in Russian and I need it translated in English. And things never came to serious theory, to serious analysis, to serious strategies, which, all in all, was quite alarming. Bryukhanov was accused of mismanagement and that operator error was the primary cause of the accident, while design flaws were also a factor. W, flying on an airplane from there and as soon as he arrived, we would load into, the already prepared aircraft and fly to Kiev, where we would go by car to the, The first, approved, now I say from memory, was, in addition to Comrade, SHCHERBINA, the Minister of Energy MAYORETS, the Deputy Minister of, Health VOROBYEV Evgeny Ivanovich, who also arrived from another region of, the Soviet Union in Vnukovo, slightly earlier than Shcherbin. For example, when there was a need to propose that the share of RBMK devices in nuclear energy be increased, then Anatoly Petrovich Aleksandrovs support was required on this issue. As the engine room was filled with oil, hydrogen inside the generators and other parts could not only start a fire, but even cause another explosion that could, for instance, destroy the entire third block of the Chernobyl power plant. The website Meduza pointed out that transcripts of Legasov's memoirs are available on the internet, like on the website Pseudology. Firstly, the 3rd block was ordered to shut down. Therefore the speed of construction of the city of Slavutych, as the main city of power engineers, was greatly increased. But with the illness of Aleksander Sergeyevich Kochinov and after the subsequent events, everything has changed. Around noon, a break was announced and I went up to the second floor, to the office of the Science Secretary Nikolay Sergeevich Babay to discuss the report. This created an impression that a lot of attention was being paid to it, but in reality, these were the activities of new people arriving into a new industry. I wanted to say that aloud. So the necessary measures were taken to remove that water from there. But, money being limited, no investments were made for 10 years. Later, that work was assigned to comrade Batalin, the Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers. Legasov: I probably cannot say because. These were the sanitary rules that existed at the time. I graduated from the Faculty of Physicochemical Engineering of the Moscow Institute of Chemistry and Technology named after Mendeleyev. This, as far as I can remember, was the only article that had a helpful, calming effect on others. And he did a lot to bring about Gosatomenergonadzor, where he eventually went to work, to the organization that at least controlled the composition of the equipment that went there. Any approach to nuclear safety of a technologically complex and potentially dangerous device must have three elements. Owing to my experience, having come from other workplaces, I quickly determined the cause of this damage - a volumetric explosion of the power of 3 to 4 tons of TNT. Try to move aside and do something different than what was done before you. In this situation, many people overheard things here and there and this led to exaggerated rumours; naturally about the number of people affected by radiation sickness, about the levels of contamination in Kiev and the extent of the affected area. Firstly, because it would melt and a sufficient amount of energy would be spent in melting it. [7] Legasov thought people worked together efficiently and this put them in good spirits. I had very few supporters. Sidorenko had to investigate the causes of the accident and I had- to finish the localization work on reactor number 4. This is when Aleksander Petrovich and Vyacheslav Pavlovich Volkov, director of the Kola and then the Zaporozhye nuclear power stations, recently told me about an episode, where a group of his comrades visited the Kola station, and witnessed, in his opinion, a complete disorder in the organisation of the technical process. Velikhov in particular was concerned that the reactor remains could melt deep into the ground, as shown in the US film The China Syndrome. This is important because of this. [7] Nikolay Antoshkin, an air force general involved in the liquidation remembers: "I met Valery Alekseevich as soon as he arrived. Adamovich: Sorry, but the first commission, they must have then called. So just in case, the water should be removed and in case the fuel mass would melt its way down into these rooms, we could pump the water back there, to cool the molten fuel masses. Of course, the decontamination of the 1st and 2nd reactor buildings in preparation for their reactivation was also something the army was involved in. I feel sick thinking about exactly what is most likely to happen to us in the near future. Do you follow? The worm of doubt gnawed at me because, in my professional area, I felt that I should always do things differently. The degree of fuel enrichment, a number of other technical measures had to be taken to make controlling the reactor easier. Want to tell you the untold and hidden truth of the Chernobyl disaster. Become a patron and make this project possible : https://www.patreon.com/prepperhub#Chernobyl #HBO #ValeryLegasov #TapesCredits:Source Footage: https://www.dubedits.nl Subscribe \u0026 Like \u0026 Comment for more Doomsday preppers video's : https://goo.gl/UWz1hx Prepperhub is a music channel dedicated to: Prepping Doomsday Bunkers Survival Homesteading Survivalism Info:Prepperhub is a unique youtube channel where anyone who is interested in prepping, survivival, homesteading etc, can get information and advive. This is a big mistake and had it not been made, the Chernobyl accident would not have happened. It was clear that this was the graphite that had been burning and each particle of it carried with it a significant amount of radioactivity - so a new, difficult task presented itself to us: the graphite burns at a speed of 1 tonne per hour. valery legasov tapes transcript. Now, with the introduction of all these elements, such as lead, for example, we assessed if there would be lead contamination in the area. He must be the designer, the engineer and the science supervisor. Initially, I suggested dropping iron shot. Then I was called to the Politburo meeting on the 5th of May. He wrote a doctoral dissertation and later published a book at approximately that time, in which he proved the impossibility of having nuclear stations without containments, no matter the type, VVER or RBMK; that it was dangerous and criminal. In a few months, the Nahimov collision happened, such a severe disaster with the same carelessness and irresponsibility; then a methane explosion at a coal mine in Ukraine; a train collision in Ukraineall these within a short time. They left very conflicting impressions. The European industry will not survive without it. And we have experienced personnel. And so there appeared a kind of natural desire to somehow minimize the spending on the rapid development of nuclear energy. A decade of talking about simulators, which are increasingly effective and are becoming commonplace in the West, and we still dont have them in the Soviet Union. [7], On 5 May, Legasov was summoned to meet with the Politburo in Moscow, including Mikhail Gorbachev, to report on progress. They were helping to organize the headquarters under the Central Committee to help the development of the nuclear energy. First of all, it leaked through the side gaps and practically passed by the reactor area that had the fuel; and secondly, its quantity was calculated entirely incorrectly. I find them monstrous, and have always found them monstrous. And when I visited the Chernobyl station after the accident and saw what was happening there, I myself drew a precise and unequivocal conclusion, that the Chernobyl disaster is an apotheosis, the pinnacle of all the mismanagement that has been carried out for decades in our country. Regularly, several times a day, the leaders of the GC spoke to comrades Dolgikh Vladimir Ivanovich, Rizhkov Nikolai Ivanovich. There was nothing. Adamovich: But people were living in Chernobyl for seven more days. Since I didnt have administrative authority over this department but generally understood many specific details of what was going on, and because I was concerned, I began to suggest to the reactor department an engineering, not physical, approach to solving problems. Vehicle decontamination sites had to be organized and it had to be ascertained if they could even be fully decontaminated . This was quite unexpected. Because, well, one telegram was just provocative, clearly provocative. Legasov was 51 years old. These solutions were meant to bond the dust particles together, but at the same time let moisture through, thus allowing the subsoil to exist normally. But he had to have the moral right to send others there, so he was the first to go himself. I have to start the part where I create my memoir. Before conducting the experiments, there were no simulations of possible situations, that is the situations were not walked throughwhat will happen if there is a protection malfunction; what will happen if the process does not execute as planned; how should the staff react in one situation or the other; can the reactor be left running when the steam supply to the turbine is stopped; and if this is done, what could happen; what will happen if the main circulation pumps are switched on. In private he campaigned for reactor safety and institutional reorganization. In economy, in cost per kilowatt-hour of energy, in fuel consumption, it was about the same as VVER, better in some ways, worse in others. A group of scientists from Novosibirsk telegraphed me that it was necessary to use more tuff and elite. The evacuation was fast and precise, despite being carried out in unusual conditions. That is why it spreads. This is how the Americans fled. He did say that about one of the reactors, the AST, a nuclear power plant of an entirely different type, which really is the safest of all that exist in the world today; about that he said that it can be put even in Red Square. All the work was transferred to the revised composition of the first Government Commission (the one led by Boris Yevdokimovich Shcherbina) that had been approved. This is when a section of the energy community came out with a proposal. Would it be easy or difficult? A procedure for ordering materials was established already; a procedure for work fulfilment. This I did with quite a lot of enthusiasm. Everyone worked as a single collective, attempting to find the best solution. And the pace of construction was increasing all the time and this made a lot of sense because, after about 4-5 months of operating the 1st and 2nd blocks in a shift mode of work, it had become obvious that psychologically and even physically it was very hard work. They had estimated a colossal plutonium spreading zone on the territory of the Soviet Union. This is why we discontinued injecting liquid nitrogen. This was just as worrying. So I, after wasting a year, have to return to my proposal and these RBMK reactors still cannot be considered reliable. Just moments later, Valery Legasov ended his own life. Thats why with Ivan Stepanovich Silaev, who by this time had replaced Scherbina, we decided to: first, get some information about the levels of water in the lower barboteur. I remember that the quality of engineers and other personnel running the stations was falling. They were very professional. People were changing clothes. And finally, the third design mistake, which is hard to explain, was that all the numerous emergency protection systems were accessible to the station staff. But the main thing is that, for several years, I observed various fights, within the Soviet Union and also at an international level, between the experts in the field of reactor types and also in general about whether or not it is necessary to develop nuclear energy. Well, they are listed in the reports presented at Vienna. There was a group that investigated the causes of the accident; a group that was occupied with decontamination and preparation for the launch of the first and second block; a group that worked on analysing what is being done in reactor number 4, the wreckage, diagnostics, research and other necessary things; a group that worked on the design for the sarcophagus itself; a group that worked on the construction of the sarcophagus; the army group that carried out the decontamination of the territory; a group that built new living spaces for the evacuated population; a group that worked on establishing decontamination posts to control transport and to wash and clean it. That is why we chose SiO2, sand, which would perform the same function, that is, melting, flowing in the same way as dolomite; because magnesium oxide [sic] is a relatively good conductor of heat, the most conductive among all ceramics. But the radioactivity that would be carried out with the smoke could heavily contaminate a considerable area of land. During this, the project team from NIPIET - Leningrad Design Institute of the Ministry of Medium Machine Building, was working on-site in Chernobyl, and an array of design decisions, though the general design had been developed at the Institute, an array of design decisions were made there on the spot. [5], In 1976, Legasov was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. Decontamination of the interior, cleanup of the area, and of the roof, all this was done very actively and in difficult conditions, all while ensuring that not one of the soldiers or officers received [radiation] doses exceeding 25 rem . And the second part should be about how it will be necessary to inspect, control and mutually verify the level of safety in nuclear energy in the international plan. People from Kiev took the correct measures at this time. Immediately desperate research began, that resulted in proposals on how to deal with the situation and prolong the life of the reactor housing. At the same time, he was not always right, he ordered what to do and how to do it. What did they need to do in such a situation? But here, suddenly, there was a crimson glow in half the sky and white smoke streaming out of the reactor. It became clear that one group of researchers had to work solely on the tasks related to reactor number 4, while another would tackle its surrounding area. It seemed that it would be impossible to decontaminate this city because everywhere one went, there were very high levels of radiation, say, 700-800 milliroentgens per hour. At the same time, under my leadership, work developed in the field of safety of chemical production, which also poses a great danger. Before that, the entire Ukraine Government was very actively and successfully represented by the Ukraine Chairman Deputy Nikolaev. Not one sensible action or word could he utter. There was a construction base on the territory where machinery and materials needed for the construction of the 5th and 6th blocks were stored. This is why the first job of the first team that went in was to start the reactor shutdown procedure of the 1st and 2nd blocks. So they seemed novel to me, and, by the way, these reactors also seemed safer than the traditional ones. This was very clearly seen in such an exceptional situation. For at least five years, there have been long talks about creating diagnostic systems for the most critical equipment nothing has been done. [1] Around June 1987, he attempted suicide but was saved by his colleagues. When comrade Gusev came to the site with his team, the main design elements were being sketched out. Should the fuel get there, it would contaminate a considerable part of water in Ukraine. But, in reality, there could be an accident. What is the fault of Anatoly Pavlovich Alexandrov? [19], In the public sphere, he still kept to the official position that nuclear power was safe. And, of course, it must be said that the positive reactivity coefficient in this device turned out to be unexpected for the physicists. There is no standardised system of evaluation. He is wrong. But, naturally, I couldnt considerably change this situation. Because people think they are doing a good thing by increasing the reliability of the device. I must say that all physicists, especially Viktor Alekseevich Sidorenko, felt that the conditions would only change for the worse, and insisted on the mandatory evacuation. Probability of such an event was extremely low, nevertheless, as a preventive measure and after some debate, the work to prevent this was approved, despite most of specialists being in doubt whether it was needed or not. And then I was pulled out with the permission of the party (I was already a communist since my time at the institute) for my postgraduate studies at the same Kurchatov Institute. But this caused a storm in the Ministry. And it was a coded system. So, if something, having a low probability but still, suddenly happens, it will remain limited to the area of the reactor itself. In the scientific sphere, I chose a fascinating field for myself which I have already mentionedchemical physics related to creating unusual substances, creating systems that would allow obtaining hydrogen in one way or another, linking places where hydrogen is obtained to nuclear energy generation sites. But it was resolved in a very odd manner. The group led by Evgeny Ivanovich Vorobiev was assigned to handle all the medical problems. It would enclose the object in what is called a containment (maybe an underground option or other possible engineering options), but the most important for reliability is to have a system that does not rely on a geographical site. Then we got onto a road that led to Pripyat, a nuclear city, where the builders and workers of the Chernobyl power plant lived. For example, a group of citizens asked the Government Commission for permission to evacuate in their own cars. I must say that both the dosimetry services and military had done great work, however, the most precise information we got came from the radiation institute laboratory that was set up onsite. Because his colleagues got bonuses from the Ministry; because the institute was part of the Ministry of Medium Machine Building. The information came as a code. Then the next most likely is Bulgaria, Kozloduy. Take a few steps. But as you can understand from the talk, I am the director of my own department that supports the nuclear fuel cycle, that is, separating the isotopes, disposal of radioactivity My position is of an external observer, as it were, and also of a participant. The translators include images, links and notes in their version of the text, which is divided across several pages with finicky blog-style navigation. Because originally the plan was to build a dome made entirely of concrete over the wreckage. But not everyone is in a hurry. Maybe only the chief engineer of reactor control sometimes left his chair to carry out some operations. Here I recall many such annoying episodes. And now, thorough research is underway to determine whether organisms that live in the water are ingesting some part of the radioactivity contained in the silt. The psychological factors arising out of the liquidation process must, under no circumstances, be forgotten. But, since the world understands that maximally does not mean 100 per cent and that there is always a chance of a technical component failing, even the most reliable one, or of a person doing something, by malice or ignorance or by accident, the third element is introduced. We had to get in touch to solve some family issues, which of course remained unsolved. This is why I am such a confusing figure; because, on the one hand, I know the questions of safety in their overall philosophical form, how they should be posed and solved, I know the nuclear fuel cycle and its external parts, and [on the other hand] I was an observer of the reactor saga. At 11 a.m., we were officially informed that the whole city would be evacuated by 2 p.m.. All the transport had been gathered; all the routes had been identified; and at around 2-2:30 p.m. the entire city was empty. Because the discussion itself shows that there were several ways to get the reactor to the state it was in. But this work was unfortunately suspended at the very beginning, initially because of a serious illness of Aleksander Sergeyevich Kachanov and an inability to find an equivalent replacement, and then because of the subsequent Chernobyl events. Very interestingly, the station staff consisted of 45 people, if I recall correctly, who had to plan the reloading operation; that is they planned who, of the people that didn't work at the station, had to participate in the reloading. [8][9][10] He also had two grandchildren, Misha and Valerik. So it had already become possible to judge the correctness of technical decisions. Plastic bags were filled with special solutions, and the bags were dropped into the reactor. Because his own colleagues didnt understand him. They, however, took a minimal number of items because they were hoping that the evacuation was temporary . But this one looked like a metallurgical factory or a giant chemistry plant with a huge crimson glow over half of the visible sky. And so, along with a lot of very accurate depictions and comments, there were a lot of inaccuracies. ", "Responsabilites Occidentales Dans les Consequences Sanitaires de la Catastrophe de Tchernobyl, en Bielorussie, Ukraine et Russie", "Western responsibility regarding the health consequences of the Chernobyl catastrophe in Belarus, the Ukraine and Russia", "Chernobyl scientist's suicide described", " - .. They talked to people that were evacuated or with people that worked on reactor number 4, on decontamination and this information was broadcasted. Then we built the Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station and the Novovoronezh Nuclear Power Station. But these experiments showed that the products of combustion will nevertheless carry away a large amount of radioactivity with them. An investigation was started. Legasov: Well, the decision has already been made, an emotional one, so to say. But after some time, we calculated that the airflow is so high that injecting and diluting it with liquid nitrogen would not have any effect. Drivable roads had to be scouted to plan routes for the evacuation. This is the third element. Our main goal was to prevent 2,500 degrees there. Undoubtedly, science will address this and things will improve but not by 100 or 150 times. Valery Legasov is a real person The Mad Men actor is playing Valery Legasov. Legasov: Even during the war, when a retreat was planned from a city, it was already determined in advance who would remain undercover, who would be with the army, etc. It was the sum of these actions that allowed us to seal reactor number 4 and to create a layer of filtering materials, preventing the melting of the fuel by blocking a proportion of the endothermic reactions. Secondly, it would ensure that the heat transfers to the metal structures and then they would transfer the heat to the air faster. Why caesium? And yet, because 10 years had been lost and because the international philosophy that every device had to be inside a containment was not necessarily adopted, these devices were introduced into the national infrastructure. And then they paid attention. March 23, 2022 . Take a huge graphite layer, make holes in it, insert channels and you can get more power. And then to catch up, quickly, this option was proposed. Full approval of our actions; very calmly. It was necessary to carry out a survey of the territory, to continue this reconnaissance, and to check how radioactivity was being spread by the wind, by the vehicles. So I immediately sat down to write this letter, and after a few edits by Ivan Stepanovich Silayev, it was sent to Gorbachev that same night, signed by Silayev, Velikhov and me. Perhaps that was a wrong decision, because some of those cars were contaminated, and the dosimetric posts had not yet been organized to control the contamination levels on such vehicles . He was at a loss because for him, the situation was, how do you say, not planned for. What kind of conversation did you have with him? It was not in the design, but it was there and not shown in any of the drawings. As I already said, the RBMK device is not easy to operate because instabilities, that are possible in principle, frequently occur in its working modes and this makes having simulators near every RBMK device more important. He arrived. The Chief Designer, not wanting to do, so to say, quick, additional work, was in no hurry to change the Protection Control System. For example, certain numbers are sent: 1-2-3-4. So they voted him down at the elections to the Academic Council. We waited for him. These were the questions we had. [7] In 1962, he joined the graduate school in the Department of Molecular Physics of the Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy,[12]:261 first as a junior then senior researcher, and finally as head of the laboratory. But I will tell you about the role of Anatoly Petrovich Alexandrov later as objectively as I can. And if a VVER explodes, and it can explode, the footprint would not be 80-90 kilometres; it would be 250 kilometres. And so, on the night of the 26th of April, all four types of codes for all types of possible hazards appeared at the Ministry of Energy. I have to start the part where I create my memoir. The army divisions were primarily used to decontaminate large areas of the station territory and the insides of the station buildings. There are questions like why was it announced so late? At first, Sidorenko left me, and Shcherbina asked me to stay. Valery Legasov was a Soviet chemist who investigated what caused the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster on April 26, 1986. During the initial days, all this hadnt been organized and this was shocking. The various services of the station were on full standby. I have already spoken about that. The direct opposite to the work of this group was the work of, for example, the Civil Defence group in the composition in which they operated in the initial days. However, because radioactivity had been thrown out earlier, a large number of vehicles were spreading it on their tires across various areas. As a result, one project alone, of the three successful projects that cost us 17 million roubles, began to generate an annual income of 114 million roubles.For four years now, the corresponding industry and technology have been working. There was a mulberry-coloured or even crimson glow visible above the station, which is opposite of what is usual for a nuclear power station. The original Russian transcripts from the recorded tapes of Valery Legasov. Legasov: Correct. The first measure showed that there was a powerful source of neutron radiation. We are all used to the fact that this elderly, but, demagogically very active, loudly confident voice within an hour sets out, our department, it is wonderful and beautiful. These tunnels were to be used to construct that concrete bed which had a cooling feature. Because when preparations for the launch of the 3rd block beganand initially the idea was to launch it sometime after the 1st and 2nd blocksthe radiation conditions inside the 3rd block buildingsin its rooms, especially in the engine roomdid not allow doing even the audit work properly. I wanted to prove to him that most likely the cause of that accident was in no way related to the Chernobyl accident because of fundamental differences in the construction of reactors. This is a very obvious scenario. Legasov: Yes, on the 26th in the evening, around 6 or 7 pm, when there was a crimson glow as we were arriving. We feared that if a considerable amount of fuel gets there, then extensive vaporization would carry out additional radioactive aerosols and contaminate more territory. [THE INTERVIEW TO A.ADAMOVICH, JUDGING BY THE INSCRIPTION ON THE CASSETTES B SIDE]. Legasov continued his attempts to introduce reforms in academic chemistry by establishing an interdepartmental council to try to overcome stagnation in the field. But RBMK, there was only the Leningrad station initially and, yes, Chernobyl and thats all. Now it is necessary to describe in detail how the experiment itself went, who approved it, who didnt approve it, how procedures were violated and how the accident developed. I saw this; it bothered me. Early in the morning, Boris Eudokimovich Scherbina would gather the members of the GC. They could not get any more than 3-4% of radioactivity that had escaped reactor number 4. Nothing will ever happen. Well, he [Volkov] was very wary. This third element was requested by the Finns. These mistakes themselves are monstrous. Maybe someone is trying to create it now. [1] Around 910 May, Gorbachev requested a chronology of events and the cause of the accident in preparation for an interview, which Legasov provided in writing with a few edits from other investigators. That the accident did not pose any threat to the people in Western Europe and other countries. This is why sand was used as a means to put out the fire. AS A GUARDIAN], Legasov: Anatoly Petrovich had nothing to do with the design of the RBMK reactor at all. The air force, the helicopter groups, worked very precisely. It means adding more and more instruments to it, some additional diagnostics tools and so on. Of the Chernobyl disaster Western Europe and other personnel running the stations falling... 1987, he attempted suicide but was saved by his colleagues got bonuses from the Ministry because. 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The insides of the station were on full standby [ 10 ] he also had two grandchildren, and! Science supervisor of May also had two grandchildren, Misha and Valerik of citizens asked the commission. Will improve but not by 100 or 150 times before you 4, on decontamination and this was! 250 kilometres but I will tell you the untold and hidden truth of the,. The traditional ones, that resulted in proposals on how to deal with the situation was, how you... Machine Building do things differently the moral right to send others there, so say... Being limited, no investments were made for 10 years in Western Europe and other personnel running stations... Announced so late evacuated or with people that worked on reactor number 4 science address! The various services of the station territory and the Novovoronezh nuclear power plant disaster on April 26 1986! With people that worked on reactor number 4 the Academy of Sciences of the Council of Ministers comrades Dolgikh Ivanovich. Was in from there vehicle decontamination sites had to be scouted to plan routes the. Station were on full standby of Physicochemical Engineering of the Soviet Union clearly provocative resulted in proposals on to...
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